I followed the book below for the information contained in this site, further I would know nothing of binary if it were not for:
SIMPLIFYING COMPUTER MATHEMATICS
A PROGRAMMED TEXT BY ROBERT W. MARKS
Copyright © 1968 by Bantam Books, Inc.
Robert W. Marks
My Twos complement supplemental data came from: The Digital Electronics Blogspot
My Bitshifting supplemental data came from: Stack Overflow